It is beyond the scope of this document to provide guidelines for every cardiovascular device. Accordingly, this scientific statement is intended to summarize and clarify issues regarding the safety of MR imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices. Furthermore, many of the reported cases of MR-related injuries and most of the few fatalities that have occurred have been the result of failure to follow established safety guidelines or the use of outdated information related to the safety aspects of biomedical implants and devices. This has led to the unsafe examination of patients with certain devices and to the misinformed and inappropriate refusal to refer or scan patients with other devices, thus depriving the patient and treating physician of clinically useful information. There remains confusion and controversy regarding which patients with cardiovascular devices can safely undergo MR examination. At the same time, an increasing number of patients are being treated with permanently or temporarily implanted cardiovascular devices. MR imaging has thus developed into a broadly applied diagnostic tool for patients with cardiovascular and other disease states, and the number of patients undergoing scanning each year is increasing. MR imaging provides excellent spatial resolution and multiplanar 3-dimensional analysis, while not exposing patients to ionizing radiation, the risks of invasive procedures, or potentially nephrotoxic iodinated contrast agents. This scientific statement is intended to summarize and clarify issues regarding the safety of MR imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices.Īdvances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography over the last 2 decades have led to MR becoming an increasingly attractive imaging modality. Safe MR imaging involves a careful initial patient screening, accurate determination of the permanent implanted or temporary cardiovascular device and its properties, a thoughtful analysis of the risks and benefits of performing the examination at that time, and, when indicated, appropriate physician management and supervision. Extensive, although not complete, ex vivo, animal, and clinical data are available from which to generate recommendations regarding the safe performance of MR examination in patients with cardiovascular devices, as well as to ascertain caveats and contraindications regarding MR examination for such patients. With the growing number of patients treated with permanent implanted or temporary cardiovascular devices, it is becoming ever more important to clarify safety issues in regard to the performance of MR examinations in patients with these devices. Customer Service and Ordering InformationĪdvances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging over the past 2 decades have led to MR becoming an increasingly attractive imaging modality.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).
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